By Amy Alonzo
You can’t see radon. Or taste it or smell it. But you can die from it.
Exposure to radon, which comes from the ground and is naturally occurring, kills about 21,000 people nationally each year.
It is the leading cause of lung cancer among people who have never smoked and kills more people than secondhand smoke, drunk driving and house fires combined, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
And in Nevada, more than a quarter of houses tested for radon showed higher than safe levels for the odorless gas, nearly four times the national average.
But deaths from radon exposure are preventable, according to Chris Kelly, Nevada radon education program officer for UNR. Simple tests can detect radon levels in businesses, homes and other areas where people spend significant amounts of time indoors.
“It’s the only cancer that’s 100 percent preventable, because if a person’s not a smoker and they get lung cancer, then it most likely comes from radon,” she said. “And it’s easy to test for radon and it’s easy to mitigate.”
But radon levels and mitigation are largely unregulated. There are no federal regulations governing acceptable levels for schools or other public buildings, only nonbinding guidelines and recommendations issued by the EPA.
And other than requiring sellers to disclose known radon levels when selling a property, Nevada lawmakers have largely ignored more stringent radon regulations as well.
The state doesn’t require testing in day care centers and schools, as some other states do, and it doesn’t require radon-resistant new construction. It also doesn’t require a public education program or have any other mitigation laws adopted by other states.
When she talks to lawmakers and local officials, they are generally “shocked we don’t have any regulations, but none of them want to make it their platform,” Kelly said. “There’s no reason for a child to sit year after year in a classroom with high radon levels and the state doesn’t require the school to be tested.”
Like smoking half a pack per day
Nevada has the most surface uranium of any state in the nation, according to the United States Geological Survey, and uranium naturally produces radon as it decays. As radon breaks down, it produces radioactive particles that can embed themselves in peoples’ airways, potentially leading to lung cancer, according to the World Health Organization.
And while only about 11 percent of Americans smoke, about 15 percent of Nevadans smoke. Smokers are 25 times more at risk from radon exposure than nonsmokers because of the synergistic effects of smoking and radon exposure.
Smokers or not, when it comes to testing for lung cancer, Nevada ranks near the bottom.
The state is 47th nationally for preventative screenings, with only about 1 percent of high-risk Nevadans getting screened each year, well below the national rate of 4.5 percent.
In 2022, an estimated 2,030 Nevadans were diagnosed with lung cancer and nearly 1,200 people died from the disease.
“Lung cancer claims more lives each year than any other form of cancer … and posing a higher risk to Nevadans compared to the national average,” Kelly said.
Testing houses and businesses is the first step toward preventing radon-caused lung cancer. Through February, free test kits are being offered statewide by the University of Nevada, Reno Extension’s Nevada Radon Education Program in recognition of National Radon Action Month. Since the program started in 2007, more than 31,000 homes have been tested.
Tested houses show some alarming numbers — more than a quarter of those tested have radon levels at or above those recommended by the EPA, the 12th highest in the nation.
The U.S. surgeon general suggests testing for radon every two years.
